Top students use effective study techniques. To appreciate the difference, we will compare and contrast methods used by the top students and students who don't perform well.

Least effective study methods

a. Reading and rereading text book and notes

Some students equate studying to reading and rereading their notes. They do not make an effort to memorise or test their recall of the notes.

b. Spending time highlighting and marking text book and notes

While this helps in pinpointing the keywords or sentences, they do not help much in information retention and recall.

c. Going through easy questions and homework

Going through easy questions and homework is useful to build basic concepts. However, this is not enough for tests and examinations.

Most effective study methods

a. Study and recall

In this method, the student reads, makes his own notes and memorises the concept. He then explains the concept by either writing it down and speaking it out. By explaining the concept (to an imaginary student), the student gets to learn the topic twice. To enhance their recall, some students may find it helpful to create memory aids using mnemonics or visualisation techniques.

b. Practise and review with test and exam questions

As part of their study process, another effective method is to review and practise with test and exam questions. This will increase the motivation and confidence of the learning.

c. Periodic and spaced review to commit to memory

Planned spaced periodic review will help to commit the materials to memory. Student can use flash card or electronic software to help in the spaced review.